How to Define Poverty Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

How to Define Poverty - Literature review Example Consequently, and as Keen (1992) contends, given that development, theory embraces poverty alleviation strategies, one may assume that development policies and programmes are inherently focused upon poverty reduction/elimination. While the above assertion is valid and development policies, as does development theory, embrace poverty alleviation strategies, the fact remains that they are, more often than not, characterized by failure. The failure of development policies to successfully eradicate, or reduce poverty, is an immediate outcome of inaccurate definitions of poverty, a vague understanding of its causal factors, and a tendency to adopt prescribed development policies, as opposed to ones which have been specifically designed to address the type, cause and consequence of poverty in a specific society/nation. Through an analysis of the meaning of poverty, it variant causes and consequences, and the extent to which type and cause need inform poverty alleviation and development strategies if they are to successfully accomplish the objectives of development and poverty alleviation, the stated hypothesis will be investigated. Poverty is popularly understood as e... Until recently, the World Bank interpreted poverty in a similar manner, defining it as the "deprivation of income" (Mosley and Booth, 2003, p. 5). Realizing, however, that this definition was erroneous insofar as it imposed unjustifiable limitations on the theoretical conceptualizations of the referenced phenomenon, leading to the evolution of limited and delimiting development and poverty eradication policies, the World Bank undertook the revision of the mentioned definition. Rather than define poverty in economic terms alone, the World Bank adopted a more expansive definition of poverty as the "pronounced deprivation of well-being" (Mosley and Booth, 2003, p. 5). This definition does overcome some f the conceptual constraints imposed upon the phenomenon by the earlier definition but, as Sen (1976; 1984; 1985; 1999) has repeatedly argued, poverty is a fluid concept, most accurately defined in terms of its causal factors. Certainly, it is deprivation but it is countless forms of depr ivation, be it social, economic, political or geographic. It is not incorrect to define it as "deprivation," but it is hardly correct to leave it at that. In other words, and as Sen (1984; 1985) maintains, poverty is the absence of choice, be it on the political, economic or social levels. Â  

Healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor Essay

Healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor the duties of professionals. The main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare law are economic rather than jurisprudential. Discuss - Essay Example However, recently, it has been brought to the attention of some concerned parties how much economic factors affect healthcare legislation in the UK. They allege that healthcare legislation is now being determined, not by patient rights, but by economic elements. This paper will discuss how healthcare law is not in truth mainly about the rights of patients nor the duties of professionals; it will discuss how the main dynamic forces shaping modern healthcare laws are economic rather than jurisprudential. Healthcare laws are passed with the primary objective of protecting and advocating for the rights of the patient. In the healthcare sector, the patient is the vulnerable party; his condition often makes him a party susceptible to the whims of the healthcare system and the healthcare professionals. In order to neutralize this situation, healthcare laws are in place. These regulations cover rights such as informed consent, right to refuse treatment, right to confidentiality of medical information and such other similar rights. The right to informed consent has been discussed throughout the course as the right of the patient to be properly notified and clarified about the medical procedures that will be undertaken on his person. The risks of these procedures should be properly narrated to the patient in his language. The medical professional informing the patient should ensure that the patient has understood the medical procedures and all that these entail and imply. The right to refus e treatment in essence is about the patient’s choice and his right to refuse medical attention or to refuse medical procedures to be undertaken on his person. The right to confidentiality of medical information is about the right of the patient to be secure in the knowledge that what he reveals to the medical professional in confidence will be kept that way by the